Statement of cash flow is broken down into three categories.
Cash flow from operations (CFO) is the change in working capital accounts such as account receivable, inventory and account payable and items that flow through the income statement such as cash receipts, payment for goods and wages.
Cash flow from investing (CFI) is the purchase and sale of assets and investments for cash. Investing cash flow includes capital expenditures for long term assets, sales of assets and long-term investments in securities.
Cash flow from financing (CFF) represents acquiring and dispensing ownership funds and borrowings which includes debt financing, issuance of preferred stocks and common stocks, and dividends paid.
The change in cash balance from one period to another period equals the change in cash flow from CFO, CFI and CFF.
Non cash activities such as retiring debt securities by issuing equity securities, converting preferred stock to common stock, and acquiring assets through a capital lease does not flow through the cash statement.
To calculate change in cash, an increase in liability is a source of cash and and increase in asset is a use of cash.
To calculate the CFO using the indirect method, start with:
Net income:
+ noncash expense such as depreciation
- noncash revenues or gains such as profit from sale of asset.
Adjust working capital:
+/- Changes in operating asset accounts (account receivable)
+/- Changes in operating liability accounts (account payable)
= Cash flow from operations (CFO).



